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Oméga-3:
faits - thérapeutique et posologie
Sommeil
chez le jeune enfant: 2,0g/jour DHA et EPA au plus tard à
partir du 4ème mois de grossesse.
Les journaux spécialisés ont consacré
aux oméga-3 les articles suivants. La liste de ces publications
a été établie en avril 2003 et n'aspire nullement
à l'exhaustivité. Source: MEDLINE.
Ces données servent de référence pour les
médecins et les thérapeutes, de sorte à réduire
les risques éventuels en termes de santé chez le
jeune enfant.
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Higher
maternal plasma docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy is associated
with more mature neonatal sleep-state patterning.
Cheruku SR: Department of Nutritional
Sciences, the University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA; Montgomery-Downs HE,
Farkas SL, Thoman EB, Lammi-Keefe CJ
Am J Clin Nutr 2002 Sep 76:608-13
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effect of docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA) on the developing fetal central nervous system (CNS)
and related functional outcomes in infancy remain unexplored. Sleep
and wake states of newborns provide a tool for assessing the functional
integrity of the CNS. OBJECTIVE: We investigated
whether CNS integrity in newborns, measured with sleep recordings,
was associated with maternal concentrations of long-chain polyunsaturated
fatty acids, especially DHA. DESIGN: Plasma phospholipid
fatty acid concentrations were measured in 17
women at parturition. On postpartum day 1 (P1) and day
2 (P2), a pressure-sensitive pad under the infants' bedding recorded
body movements and respiratory patterns to measure sleep and wake
states. RESULTS: Maternal plasma phospholipid DHA ranged from 1.91%
to 4.5% by wt of total fatty acids. On the basis of previously published
data and the median DHA concentration, the women were divided into
2 groups: high DHA (> 3.0% by wt of total fatty acids) and low
DHA (</= 3.0% by wt of total fatty acids). Infants
of high-DHA mothers had a significantly lower ratio of active sleep
(AS) to quiet sleep (QS) and less AS than did infants of low-DHA
mothers. Furthermore, the
former infants had less sleep-wake transition and more wakefulness
on P2. Correlations of maternal DHA status with infant sleep states
were consistent with these data. Also, the ratio of maternal n-6
to n-3 fatty acids on P1 was inversely associated with QS and positively
associated with arousals in QS. On P2, maternal n-6:n-3 was positively
associated with AS, sleep-wake transition, and AS:QS. CONCLUSION:
The sleep patterns of infants born to mothers
with higher plasma phospholipid DHA suggest greater CNS maturity.
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Role
of essential fatty acids in the function of the developing nervous
system.
Uauy R: Institute of Nutrition and Food
Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Peirano P,
Hoffman D, Mena P, Birch D, Birch E
Lipids 1996 Mar 31 Suppl:S167-76
Abstract
The basis for n-3 fatty acid essentially in humans includes
not only biochemical evidence but functional measures associated
with n-3 deficiency in human and nonhuman primates. Functional development
of the retina and the occipital cortex are affected by alpha-linolenic
acid deficiency and by a lack of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in preterm
infant formulas and, as reported more recently, in term diets. Functional
effects of n-3 supply on sleep-wake cycles and heart rate rhythms
support the need for dietary n-3 fatty acids during early development.
Our results indicate that n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
should be considered provisionally essential for infant nutrition.
DHA may also be required by individuals with inherited metabolic
defects in elongation and desaturation activity, such as patients
with peroxisomal disorders and some forms of retinitis pigmentosa.
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