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Omega-3: Fakten
- Therapie und Dosierung
Multiple Sklerose
MS: 0,9g/Tag EPA & DHA
+ Vitamine + Diät
In Fachzeitschriften wurden folgende Artikel über Omega-3
publiziert. Die Liste dieser Publikationen wurde im April 2003
kompiliert und erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit.
Quelle: MEDLINE.
Die Daten dienen als Referenz für Ärzte und Therapeuten,
damit eine therapeutische Dosis bei Multiple Sklerose
festgelegt werden kann.
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Cytokine
secretion and eicosanoid production in the peripheral blood mononuclear
cells of MS patients undergoing dietary supplementation with n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Gallai V: Neurological Clinic, University
of Perugia, Italy; Sarchielli P, Trequattrini A, Franceschini M,
Floridi A, Firenze C, Alberti A, Di Benedetto D,
Stragliotto E
J Neuroimmunol 1995 Feb 56:143-53
Abstract
To demonstrate the influence of n-3 PUFA supplementation
on cytokine and eicosanoid production in peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMCs) of MS patients (MSP), we investigated the impact of
a 6-month dietary supplementation with these fatty acids
on the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-2, interferon-gamma
(IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the supernatants
of stimulated PBMCs and serum soluble IL-2 receptors in a group
of 20 relapsing-remitting (R-R) MSP and a group of 15 age-matched
control individuals (CI). The production of PGE2 and LTB4 in the
stimulated PBMCs was also assessed in patient and control groups
supplemented with n-3 PUFAs. In both groups, n-3 PUFA supplementation
led to a significant decrease in the levels of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha,
and this reduction was more pronounced in the 3rd and 6th month
of supplementation. An analogous decrease was observed in the
levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma produced by stimulated PBMCs, and in
the levels of serum soluble IL-2 receptors. n-3 PUFA supplementation
also appeared to significantly affect prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and
leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production in PBMCs, both in MSP and the
control group. The reduced production of these proinflammatory eicosanoids,
and the decrease of some cytokines with an immunohenancing effect
as a consequence of n-3 PUFA supplementation, could modulate some
immune functions which have been demonstrated to be altered
in MSP. |
Lipid and
fatty acid composition is altered in plaque tissue from multiple
sclerosis brain compared with normal brain white matter.
Wilson R: Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, School
of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland, U.K; Tocher
DR
Lipids 1991 Jan 26:9-15
Abstract
Plaques and white matter from brains of multiple sclerosis (MS)
patients were analyzed for lipid content, class composition, and
fatty acid composition of total lipid, together with the fatty acid
composition of plaque glycerophospholipids, and the results were
compared with white matter from normal brain. Plaques contained
less than 30% of the lipid present in normal white matter. Plaque
lipid was characterized by significantly increased proportions of
glycerophospholipids and decreased cerebrosides and sulfatides.
In addition, a subacute plaque contained approximately 10 times
the proportion of steryl esters observed in chronic plaques or normal
white matter. Total lipid from all the MS plaques showed significantly
increased percentages of saturated fatty acids, n-6, n-3 and total
polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased percentages of monoenes
and alk-l-enyl ethers in comparison with normal brains. These
results were consistent with increased cellularity and astrogliosis
associated with MS plaques. However, analysis of plaque glycerophospholipids
showed that the fatty acid changes observed in total lipid were
not simply due to the increased proportion of glycerophospholipids
and decreased myelin lipids, but that the fatty acid composition
of the individual glycerophospholipids was different. |
A double-blind
controlled trial of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in
the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Bates D: Department of Neurology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne,
UK; Cartlidge NE, French JM, Jackson MJ, Nightingale S, Shaw DA,
Smith S, Woo E, Hawkins SA, Millar JH
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989 Jan 52:18-22
Abstract
A trial of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of multiple
sclerosis has been conducted over a 5 year period. Ambulant patients
(312) with acute remitting disease were randomly allocated to
treatment or placebo. Both groups were given dietary advice to increase
the intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the treatment
group in addition received capsules containing n-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids. Analysis of clinical outcome at the end of 2 years
of treatment was made in terms of the duration, frequency and severity
of relapses and the number of patients who had improved or remained
unchanged. The results showed no significant difference at the
usual 95% confidence limits but there was a trend in favour of the
group treated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in all parameters
examined. |
Red blood
cell and adipose tissue fatty acids in mild inactive multiple sclerosis.
Nightingale S: Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary,
Newcastle upon Tyne; , Woo E, Smith AD, French JM, Gale MM, Sinclair
HM, Bates D, Shaw DA
Acta Neurol Scand 1990 Jul 82:43-50
Abstract
The fatty acid profiles of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl
choline (PC) of the red blood cells of 30 patients with mild inactive
multiple sclerosis (MS) and 30 healthy controls were studied by
gas chromatography. The groups were well matched for factors likely
to influence tissue lipid levels, including diet. The MS patients
showed a significant reduction in PE eicosapentaenoic acid (p =
0.009) especially in women, and an increase in both PE dihomo-gamma-linolenic
acid (p = 0.004) and PC stearic acid (p = 0.04). No reduction in
linoleic acid was observed in either the PC or PE fractions of the
MS subjects. A similar study of the fatty acid profile in adipose
tissue in 26 MS and 35 healthy controls found no detectable eicosapentaenoic
acid in either group. However, whereas docosahexaenoic acid
was not detectable in any MS patient, 40% of the controls had
measurable levels varying from to 0.1 to 0.3% of total estimated
fatty acid (p = 0.0003). No reduction in linoleic acid in MS subjects
was observed. Supplementation with oral fish body oil demonstrated
that n-3 fatty acids were incorporated into red blood cells over
5 weeks and this occurred equally in MS and controls. The effects
of oral supplementation on adipose tissue were studied after 1 and
2 years. Whereas many fatty acids such as linoleic acid were raised
at 1 year, but did not rise subsequently, eicosapentaenoic acid
and docosahexaenoic acid continued to rise through the 2-year period... |
Effect
of dietary advice and n-3 supplementation in newly diagnosed MS
patients.
Nordvik I: Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital,
Bergen, Norway; Myhr KM, Nyland H, Bjerve KS
Acta Neurol Scand 2000 Sep 102:143-9
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether supplementation with fish oil
given together with dietary advice and vitamin supplementation influenced
the clinical outcome in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS)
patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen
consecutive, newly diagnosed patients with multiple sclerosis
were recruited to an open intervention study. They were given dietary
advice and supplemented with 0.9 g/day
of long-chain marine fatty acids and vitamins. The patients
were followed for 2 years with
respect to dietary habits, blood parameters and neurological assessment
including exacerbation rate. RESULTS: There
was a significant reduction in the mean annual exacerbation rate
and the mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) as compared
to pre-study values. The plasma total phospholipid n-3
fatty acids increased and n-6 fatty acids decreased significantly.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that fish
oil supplementation given together with vitamins and dietary advice
can improve clinical outcome in patients with newly diagnosed MS.
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Dietary
polyunsaturated fatty acids and depression: when cholesterol does
not satisfy.
Hibbeln JR: Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry,
DICBR, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville
MD, USA; Salem N
Am J Clin Nutr 1995 Jul 62:1-9
Abstract
Recent studies have both offered and contested the proposition that
lowering plasma cholesterol by diet and medications increases suicide,
homicide, and depression. Significant confounding factors include
the quantity and distribution of dietary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated
essential fatty acids that influence serum lipids and alter the
biophysical and biochemical properties of cell membranes. Epidemiological
studies in various countries and in the United States in the last
century suggest that decreased n-3 fatty acid consumption correlates
with increasing rates of depression. This is consistent with
a well-established positive correlation between depression and coronary
artery disease. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturate deficiency may also
contribute to depressive symptoms in alcoholism, multiple sclerosis,
and post-partum depression. We postulate that adequate long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid,
may reduce the development of depression just as n-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids may reduce coronary artery disease. |
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