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Oméga-3:
faits - thérapeutique et posologie
Vue:
une consommation accrue de poisson (DHA) peut prémunir
contre la baisse de l'acuité visuelle liée au vieillissement.
Les journaux spécialisés ont consacré
aux oméga-3 les articles suivants. La liste de ces publications
a été établie en avril 2003 et n'aspire nullement
à l'exhaustivité. Source: MEDLINE.
Ces données servent de référence pour les
médecins et les thérapeutes, de sorte à déterminer
les dosages préventifs dans le cadre de la baisse de
l'acuité visuelle.
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Prospective
study of dietary fat and the risk of age-related macular degeneration.
Cho E: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health,
Boston MA, USA; Hung S, Willett WC, Spiegelman D, Rimm EB, Seddon
JM, Colditz GA, Hankinson SE
Am J Clin Nutr 2001 Feb 73:209-18
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The relation between intakes of total fat and specific
types of fat and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains
unclear. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine prospectively
the association between fat intake and AMD. DESIGN: We conducted
a prospective follow-up study of participants in the Nurses' Health
Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. At baseline
(1984 for women and 1986 for men), the study included 42743 women
and 29746 men aged > or = 50 y with no diagnosis of AMD who
were followed until 1996. Fat intake was assessed with a food-frequency
questionnaire. RESULTS: We accrued 567 patients with AMD with
a visual loss of 20/30 or worse. The pooled multivariate relative
risk (RR) for the highest compared with the lowest quintile of
total fat intake was 1.54 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.01; P for trend = 0.008).
Linolenic acid was positively associated with risk of AMD (top
versus bottom quintile of RR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.94; P for
trend = 0.0009). Docosahexaenoic acid had a modest inverse
relation with AMD (top versus bottom quintile of RR: 0.70;
95% CI: 0.52, 0.93; P for trend = 0.05), and >4 servings of
fish/wk was associated with a 35% lower risk of AMD compared with
< or = 3 servings/mo (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.91; P for trend
= 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Total fat intake was positively associated
with risk of AMD, which may have been due to intakes of individual
fatty acids, such as linolenic acid, rather than to total fat
intakes per se. A high intake of fish may reduce the risk of
AMD.
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Dietary
fat and fish intake and age-related maculopathy.
Smith W: National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health,
Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory;
Mitchell P, Leeder SR
Arch Ophthalmol 2000 Mar 118:401-4
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether dietary intake of fat or fish
is associated with age-related maculopathy (ARM) prevalence. DESIGN:
Cross-sectional, urban population-based study. PARTICIPANTS: People
(N = 3654) aged 49 years or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects
with ARM were identified from masked grading of retinal photographs.
A 145-itemself-administered, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire
was completed adequately by 88.8% of participants and was used
to assess intakes of dietary fat and fish. RESULTS: A higher
frequency of fish consumption was associated with decreased odds
of late ARM (odds ratio for frequency of consumption more
than once per week compared with less than once per month, 0.5).
Subjects with higher energy-adjusted intakes of cholesterol were
significantly more likely to have late ARM, with an increased
risk for late ARM for the highest compared with the lowest quintile
of intake (odds ratio, 2.7). CONCLUSION: The amount and type of
dietary fat intake may be associated with ARM.
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